- En el año 1985 se inicia el empelo de interferones en el tratamiento de enfermedades viricas. Por primera vez, se utliliza la "huella genetica" en una investigación judicial en Gran Bretaña.
- En el año 1986 se autorizan las primera pruebas clinicas sobre la vacuna contra la hepatitis B. Obtenida mediante Ingeniera Genetica.
- En 1987 arrancaron las propuestas comerciales para completar el proyecto del genoma humano. Comercializacion del primer anti cuerpo monoclonal de uso terapeutico.
- La universidad de Harvard patenta por primera vez un organismo producido mediante ingenieria genetica en 1988.
- En 1989 empezo la comercialización de las primeras maquinas de secuenciacion del ADN.
- En 1990 Se ponen en marcha numerosos protocolos experimentales de terapia génica para intentar curar enfermedades cancerígenas
- En 1993: Mullis, Kary B: Premio Nobel de química por la invención del método de la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa.
- En 1994 Gilman, Alfred G: Premio Nobel de fisiología o medicina por el descubrimiento de las proteínas G y su función en la transducción de señales en las células// Primer tomate transgenico y un toro transgénico.
- En 1995 Nüsslein-Volhard, C: Premio Nobel de fisiología o medicina por sus descubrimientos sobre el control genético del desarrollo embrionario temprano //Se completan las primeras secuencias de genomas de bacteria.
- En 1996 Se completa la primera secuencia del genoma del organismo eucariota
- En 1997 Se clona el primer mamífero la oveja “Dolly”
- En 2001 Se publica el mapa provisional del genoma humano
- En 2006: Kornberg, Roger D: Premio Nobel de química por sus estudios sobre las bases moleculares de la transcripción eucariota
- En 2007 Capecchi, Mario R: Premio Nobel de fisiología o medicina por sus trabajos sobre células madre y manipulación genética en modelos animales// En Japon obtuvieron las primeras células madres a partir de piel humana.
- En 2008 Montagnier, Luc: Premio Nobel de fisiología o medicina por el descubrimiento del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH)
- En 2009 Blackburn, E. H.- Greider, Carol W - Szostak, Jack W: Premio Nobel de fisiología o medicina por el descubrimiento del modo en que los telómeros y la enzima telomerasa protegen a los cromosomas // En Massachusetts crearon un micro chip que se une al globo ocular humano que permite al paciente ciego poder ver parcialmente.
- En 2010 Primer trasplante de cara.
- En 2013 Gurdon, J. B: Premio Nobel de fisiología o medicina por el descubrimiento de que las células maduras pueden reprogramarse para convertirse en pluripotentes
Joaquin Della Paolera
miércoles, 11 de noviembre de 2015
Cambios en la evolución genetica
En el marco de la materia seleccionamos los descubrimientos mas importantes de la Biologia desde el año 1985.
jueves, 13 de agosto de 2015
Una huella digital
de la misma forma en que nosotros caminamos y vamos dejando huellas en el camino, la huella ecologica se piensa con el mismo sentido. Esto tiene que ver con nuestro estilo de vida, ya que, nuestras acciones marcaran huellas. Esas huellas pueden ser positivas o negativas.
La mitigación es una accion directa de la Huella ecologica. Ayuda a reducir el impacto ecologico cambiando ciertas acciones cotidianas.
El desarrollo sustentable abarca una huella ecologica dependiendo del ambiente, la economia, politica y sociedad. Se puede relacionar sabiendo que estas acciones ya sean politicas o sociales, van dejando una "marca" en cada ambiente
Otro concepto relacionado con la Huella ecologica es la obsolescencia programada. La obsolescencia programada obliga a construir más y que el producto dure menos tiempo, esto quiere decir, que el desecho de estos productos aumentara.
Volviendo al tema del desecho, entra en juego otro tema "consumo vs consumismo", Este tema es uno de los que más impacto deja en la sociedad. Mientras vaya aumentando el consumo no responsable, este dejara un impacto marcado.
La mitigación es una accion directa de la Huella ecologica. Ayuda a reducir el impacto ecologico cambiando ciertas acciones cotidianas.
El desarrollo sustentable abarca una huella ecologica dependiendo del ambiente, la economia, politica y sociedad. Se puede relacionar sabiendo que estas acciones ya sean politicas o sociales, van dejando una "marca" en cada ambiente
Otro concepto relacionado con la Huella ecologica es la obsolescencia programada. La obsolescencia programada obliga a construir más y que el producto dure menos tiempo, esto quiere decir, que el desecho de estos productos aumentara.
Volviendo al tema del desecho, entra en juego otro tema "consumo vs consumismo", Este tema es uno de los que más impacto deja en la sociedad. Mientras vaya aumentando el consumo no responsable, este dejara un impacto marcado.
lunes, 10 de agosto de 2015
jueves, 6 de agosto de 2015
miércoles, 15 de julio de 2015
Mitosis y Meiosis
La mitosis es el proceso mediante en el cual una celula eucariota separa los cromosomas de su nucleo, dando como resultado dos juegos identicos. Estas se llaman "celulas hijas.
Sencillamente, la celula madre se separa en dos celulas hijas que son identicas a la celula madre. Esto se logra dividiendo el nucleo de la celula madre en dos partes. Contienen el mismo numero de cromosomas que la celula madre.
Se reproduce de forma asexual, esto quiere decir que puede lograr dos copias exactas de la celula original. Es un proceso eficaz, pero, no permite la diversidad ya que las copias son identicas.
En cambio, la Meiosis es un proceso de reproduccion sexual. Es un tipo especial de division celular necesaria para la reproducion en las eucariotas.
Las celulas que resultan de este proceso son llamadas gametos o esporas. Los gametos son el esperma y los ovulos en su mayoria, comunes en plantas o animales.
Este proceso consiste en una celula que contiene dos copias de cada cromosoma, uno de la madre y otro del padre, produce cuatro células que contienen una copia de cada cromosoma. El resultado es una mezcla única de ADN materno y paterno. Esto permite que la descendencia sea genéticamente diferente a cualquiera de los padres. La meiosis introduce la diversidad genética dentro de la población.
The wall
“The wall” directed by Alan Parker is a movie reflected on Pink Floyd’s album “The wall”. The film is full of metaphoric views and also the representation of the “wall” itself.
The simbolism of the wall can be analyzed in different ways. During the years later to the appearance of “the wall”, the simbolism of this had changed a lot metaphorically.
Firstly, by a good of varied audiovisuals effects they try to represent Pink’s life. A life of a character that is situated in a point of no-return. A character that suffered several complications during his life. His father went to war, his mother self-protected him in a high level and this situations put Pink in a very isolated actitude towards the others and keep very in touch with his mother. Also, in “Another brick in the wall” Waters represent the system of education the character was having and we see how this affect his actitude because it was a very opressor system of mind “thought control”. Also, we could think about the wall been the system that control and impose ideas into the people. A big barrier between system and the people. Beside that, the wall is also represented when the double-hammer appear. The hammer is a strong object that can be used to build and also, to destroy. After analizing this appearences in the movie, we could infeer that all this complications that Pink had along the movie act like a brick that serv him to build his own wall. Walls are made to separate, by this, Pink build this wall to isolate from the system and people. But this turn into a negative separation, because Pink start to feel sensitive.
“The wall is still a protest action” Claim Waters three days ago. He claim that during the years, people think that the wall was the story of Pink and his complications mention before. “It is much less about the history of Pink and his loss on the concern of all people who lose wars” Claim Waters in this note. This mean, that The wall is a piece to all the people that have any kind of trouble and want to get in touch with the songs and with it’s experiences through that. We could think, that, is something much general that someone loosing someone in the war.
In conclusion, we can afirm that the wall is a common wall filled with different problems (bricks) and all those problems became a barrier between the people and the system. And by this, in a way it creates a protest action by the people that is behind this big wall that is the system. A wall construct by the problem of any who could get in touch with this wonderfull movie and this wonderfull letters written by Rogers Waters.
The simbolism of the wall can be analyzed in different ways. During the years later to the appearance of “the wall”, the simbolism of this had changed a lot metaphorically.
Firstly, by a good of varied audiovisuals effects they try to represent Pink’s life. A life of a character that is situated in a point of no-return. A character that suffered several complications during his life. His father went to war, his mother self-protected him in a high level and this situations put Pink in a very isolated actitude towards the others and keep very in touch with his mother. Also, in “Another brick in the wall” Waters represent the system of education the character was having and we see how this affect his actitude because it was a very opressor system of mind “thought control”. Also, we could think about the wall been the system that control and impose ideas into the people. A big barrier between system and the people. Beside that, the wall is also represented when the double-hammer appear. The hammer is a strong object that can be used to build and also, to destroy. After analizing this appearences in the movie, we could infeer that all this complications that Pink had along the movie act like a brick that serv him to build his own wall. Walls are made to separate, by this, Pink build this wall to isolate from the system and people. But this turn into a negative separation, because Pink start to feel sensitive.
“The wall is still a protest action” Claim Waters three days ago. He claim that during the years, people think that the wall was the story of Pink and his complications mention before. “It is much less about the history of Pink and his loss on the concern of all people who lose wars” Claim Waters in this note. This mean, that The wall is a piece to all the people that have any kind of trouble and want to get in touch with the songs and with it’s experiences through that. We could think, that, is something much general that someone loosing someone in the war.
In conclusion, we can afirm that the wall is a common wall filled with different problems (bricks) and all those problems became a barrier between the people and the system. And by this, in a way it creates a protest action by the people that is behind this big wall that is the system. A wall construct by the problem of any who could get in touch with this wonderfull movie and this wonderfull letters written by Rogers Waters.
lunes, 13 de julio de 2015
The happiest day of our life
Listening to the song "The happiest day of our life" we can infer by the letter we can
understand that teachers are painfull when they are in school but when they
reach home they are a muppet. So, we can infeer that the teachers veint their
anger that brought home into their students
When we grew
up and went to school
There were certain
teachers who would
Hurt the
children in any way they could
By pouring
their derision upon anything we did
And exposing
every weakness
However
carefully hidden by the kids
But in the
town, it was well known
When they got
home at night, their fat and
Psychopathic
wives would thrash them
Within inches of their lives
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